Ethereum has begun the final testnet phase of its highly anticipated Fusaka upgrade, scheduled for mainnet activation on December 3, 2025. The update introduces a per-transaction gas cap of around 16.78 million units, aiming to improve block efficiency, mitigate denial-of-service (DoS) risks, and prepare the network for parallel execution in future upgrades like Glamsterdam.
The Fusaka changes are already live on Holesky and Sepolia testnets and will roll out to the Hoodi testnet on October 28. By capping gas per transaction, Ethereum ensures that no single transaction can consume an entire block’s capacity — a limitation that previously affected scalability and security.
Fusaka also increases Ethereum’s block gas limit from 45 million to 60 million and debuts PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling), allowing nodes to store only small fragments of layer-2 “blob” data. This feature aims to lower hardware requirements while boosting efficiency and throughput for layer-2 networks.
Following Fusaka, Ethereum’s next upgrade, Glamsterdam, will focus on the execution layer, introducing EIP-7928 — the network’s first major step toward parallel transaction processing.
According to Gabriel Trintinalia, protocol engineer at Consensys’ Besu client, the ongoing testnets “are crucial for validating performance and fine-tuning parameters before mainnet activation.”
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